Approaches to Tourism

by - 16:38

       
            Almost everybody has his or her say in a subject or a problem at hand. People approach things differently. And speaking of that, an approach means a way or manner a matter is deliberated on. So just as the study of business management has 8 approaches (political approach, system approach, functional approach, etc.) , tourism has been studied in six popular approaches. These are:
11)      Institutional Approach
22)      Managerial Approach
33)      Economic Approach
44)      Product Approach
55)      Geographical Approach
66)      Sociological Approach
    Let’s take them one after the other:
1
.      Institutional Approach
That’s perhaps the most significant approach. It studies tourism from the angle of tour operators and travel agents. The institutions referred to in this case are the travel agents or tour operators who are accountable to airlines, cruise lines or car rental services.
2.       Managerial Approach
Tourism through the years has flowered into an industry with competitive firms. Management of each of these tourist businesses enforces planning, research, pricing control, marketing etc. on their individual affairs. Hence management needs to adapt to the spiral changes occurring in the tourism environment in terms of objectives, philosophies and procedures.
3.       Economic Approach
Tourism embraces a lot of business activities; travel, accommodation, catering, and hospitality services, transportation, entertainment and others. All these play a vital part in the economy as they can generate or degenerate revenue to the government of the countries in question. Due to this fact, tourism has been defined according to Hermon Van Schullard (1910)-Austrian economist-as “the sum total of operations mainly of economic nature which directly relate to the entry, stay and the movement of foreigners inside and outside a certain country, city or region.”
4.       Geographic Approach
This approach inquires from the location tourists areas, the changes in landscape due to the imposition of tourist facilities on the area in question, physical planning and tourist development. This is a very relevant way of studying tourism as goes further to clarify espace distance. Espace distance is the difference between the usual residence of a tourist and the temporary destination.
5.       Sociological Approach
This approach studies the interaction between the host city or country and the guest tourist or     visitor. The encounter of these two classes in terms of culture, language, tradition, habits etc. has propelled the emergence of the sociological approach.
6.       Product Approach
 This is somewhat related to the management and economic approach but it is myopic in nature. It involves the mode of transportation, marketing, promotion and consumption of tourist product and services. For instance, tourism here is embraced in terms of how rental car or a hotel room is financed, advertised promoted or consumed.


         Generally, all approaches are essential but not all applicable to institutions. It is highly recommendable that the tourism avenues adapt appropriate set of approaches to their individual affairs of the development of tourism.

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