Approaches to Tourism
11)
Institutional Approach
22)
Managerial Approach
33)
Economic Approach
44)
Product Approach
55)
Geographical Approach
66)
Sociological Approach
Let’s take them one after the other:
1
. Institutional Approach
That’s perhaps the most significant
approach. It studies tourism from the angle of tour operators and travel
agents. The institutions referred to in this case are the travel agents or tour
operators who are accountable to airlines, cruise lines or car rental services.
2.
Managerial Approach
Tourism through the years has
flowered into an industry with competitive firms. Management of each of these
tourist businesses enforces planning, research, pricing control, marketing etc.
on their individual affairs. Hence management needs to adapt to the spiral
changes occurring in the tourism environment in terms of objectives,
philosophies and procedures.
3.
Economic Approach
Tourism embraces a lot of business
activities; travel, accommodation, catering, and hospitality services,
transportation, entertainment and others. All these play a vital part in the
economy as they can generate or degenerate revenue to the government of the
countries in question. Due to this fact, tourism has been defined according to
Hermon Van Schullard (1910)-Austrian economist-as “the sum total of operations
mainly of economic nature which directly relate to the entry, stay and the
movement of foreigners inside and outside a certain country, city or region.”
4.
Geographic Approach
This approach inquires from the
location tourists areas, the changes in landscape due to the imposition of
tourist facilities on the area in question, physical planning and tourist
development. This is a very relevant way of studying tourism as goes further to
clarify espace distance. Espace distance is the difference between the usual
residence of a tourist and the temporary destination.
5.
Sociological Approach
This approach studies the
interaction between the host city or country and the guest tourist or visitor. The encounter of these two
classes in terms of culture, language, tradition, habits etc. has propelled the
emergence of the sociological approach.
6.
Product Approach
Generally, all approaches are essential but not all
applicable to institutions. It is highly recommendable that the tourism avenues
adapt appropriate set of approaches to their individual affairs of the
development of tourism.
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